Ladies can you explain this

Globally, over 2. Of economies assessed in , economies still have laws preventing women from working in specific jobs, 59 economies have no laws on sexual harassment in the workplace, and in 18 economies, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working. Labour force participation rate for women aged is 63 per cent compared to 94 per cent for men. In , global unemployment rates for men and women stood at 5.

This is projected to remain relatively unchanged going into and through Women are more than twice as likely than men to be contributing family workers. The gender wage gap is estimated to be 23 per cent. This means that women earn 77 per cent of what men earn, though these figures understate the real extent of gender pay gaps, particularly in developing countries where informal self-employment is prevalent.

Women tend to spend around 2. Gender inequalities in employment and job quality result in gender gaps in access to social protection acquired through employment, such as pensions, unemployment benefits or maternity protection. Globally, an estimated nearly 40 per cent of women in wage employment do not have access to social protection.

In DRC alone, 40, people, including 29, women, have received these services and support. The World Bank is also piloting innovative uses of social media to change behaviors. For example, in the South Asia region, the pilot program WEvolve used social media to empower young women and men to challenge and break through prevailing norms that underpin gender violence.

These standards are also being integrated into active operations; GBV risk management approaches are being applied to a selection of operations identified high risk in fiscal year FY In the East Asia and Pacific region , GBV prevention and response interventions — including a code of conduct on sexual exploitation and abuse — are embedded within the Vanuatu Aviation Investment Project.

The Liberia Southeastern Corridor Road Asset Management Project , where sexual exploitation and abuse SEA awareness will be raised, among other strategies, as part of a pilot project to employ women in the use of heavy machinery.

The Bolivia Santa Cruz Road Corridor Project uses a three-pronged approach to address potential GBV, including a Code of Conduct for their workers; a Grievance Redress Mechanism GRM that includes a specific mandate to address any kinds gender-based violence; and concrete measures to empower women and to bolster their economic resilience by helping them learn new skills, improve the production and commercialization of traditional arts and crafts, and access more investment opportunities.

Last Updated: Sep 25, Fragility, Conflict and Violence Gender. Cancel No Thanks Yes, I'll provide feedback. What was the purpose of your visit to worldbank. Did the layout and navigation of the new site help you locate what you were looking for? Yes No. Do you have any other feedback on the new version of our website? If you are willing to be contacted in the future to help us improve our website, please leave your email address below. Infertility Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying or six months if a woman is 35 or older.

What is infertility? Pregnancy is the result of a process that has many steps. To get pregnant: A woman's body must release an egg from one of her ovaries ovulation. The egg must go through a fallopian tube toward the uterus womb. A man's sperm must join with fertilize the egg along the way.

The fertilized egg must attach to the inside of the uterus implantation. Infertility can happen if there are problems with any of these steps.

Is infertility a common problem? Is infertility just a woman's problem? What causes infertility in men? This happens when the veins on a man's testicle s are too large.

This heats the testicles. The heat can affect the number or shape of the sperm. Other factors that cause a man to make too few sperm or none at all. Movement of the sperm. This may be caused by the shape of the sperm. Sometimes injuries or other damage to the reproductive system block the sperm. What increases a man's risk of infertility? Some things that may reduce the health or number of sperm include: Heavy alcohol use Drugs Smoking cigarettes Age Environmental toxins, including pesticides and lead Health problems such as mumps, serious conditions like kidney disease, or hormone problems Medicines Radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer.

What causes infertility in women? Less common causes of fertility problems in women include: Blocked fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease , endometriosis , or surgery for an ectopic pregnancy Physical problems with the uterus Uterine fibroids , which are non-cancerous clumps of tissue and muscle on the walls of the uterus. What things increase a woman's risk of infertility? Many things can change a woman's ability to have a baby. These include: Age Smoking Excess alcohol use Stress Poor diet Athletic training Being overweight or underweight Sexually transmitted infections STIs Health problems that cause hormonal changes, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency.

How does age affect a woman's ability to have children? Aging decreases a woman's chances of having a baby in the following ways: Her ovaries become less able to release eggs She has a smaller number of eggs left Her eggs are not as healthy She is more likely to have health conditions that can cause fertility problems She is more likely to have a miscarriage.

How long should women try to get pregnant before calling their doctors? So, women should talk to their doctors if they have: Irregular periods or no menstrual periods Very painful periods Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease More than one miscarriage It is a good idea for any woman to talk to a doctor before trying to get pregnant.

How will doctors find out if a woman and her partner have fertility problems? A woman can track her ovulation at home by: Writing down changes in her morning body temperature for several months Writing down how her cervical mucus looks for several months Using a home ovulation test kit available at drug or grocery stores Doctors can also check ovulation with blood tests.

Doctors inject a special dye into the uterus through the vagina. This dye shows up in the x-ray. Doctors can then watch to see if the dye moves freely through the uterus and fallopian tubes.

This can help them find physical blocks that may be causing infertility. Blocks in the system can keep the egg from moving from the fallopian tube to the uterus. A block could also keep the sperm from reaching the egg. Laparoscopy lap-uh-ROS-kuh-pee : A minor surgery to see inside the abdomen. The doctor does this with a small tool with a light called a laparoscope LAP-uh-roh-skohp.

She or he makes a small cut in the lower abdomen and inserts the laparoscope. With the laparoscope, the doctor can check the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus for disease and physical problems.

Doctors can usually find scarring and endometriosis by laparoscopy. How do doctors treat infertility? Doctors recommend specific treatments for infertility based on: Test results How long the couple has been trying to get pregnant The age of both the man and woman The overall health of the partners Preference of the partners Doctors often treat infertility in men in the following ways: Sexual problems: Doctors can help men deal with impotence or premature ejaculation.

Too few sperm: Sometimes surgery can correct the cause of the problem. In other cases, doctors surgically remove sperm directly from the male reproductive tract. Antibiotics can also be used to clear up infections affecting sperm count. Sperm movement: Sometimes semen has no sperm because of a block in the man's system. In some cases, surgery can correct the problem. In some communities, the practice has been driven underground rather than ended, leading to girls being subjected to cutting at younger ages amidst greater secrecy.

Opposition to the practice is building though. In countries affected by FGM, 7 in 10 girls and women think the practice should end. In the last two decades, the proportion of girls and women in these countries who want the practice to stop has doubled. Ending FGM requires action at many levels, including by families and communities, protection and care services for girls and women, laws, and political commitment at the local, regional, national and international levels.

The programme supports zero tolerance laws and policies, while working with health workers to both eliminate female genital mutilation and provide care to women and girls who have undergone the procedure. To help change social norms, we work with communities to openly discuss the benefits of ending FGM and to build opposition to the practice. The programme has also provided access to prevention, protection and treatment services.

In alone, nearly 7 million people across 19 countries participated in education, discussions and social mobilization promoting the elimination of FGM. Female genital mutilation is an extreme form of violence against girls and women. Explore global data and resources on this harmful practice.