What is the difference between consultation and delegation

DOI: Yukl , P. Fu Published 1 March Psychology Journal of Organizational Behavior Few studies have identified determinants of delegation and consultation. To investigate this question further, we surveyed managers and subordinates in two samples and interviewed managers individually or in focus groups. The use of delegation and consultation with individual subordinates was determined in part by characteristics of the subordinates and the manager—subordinate relationship. More delegation was used for a subordinate who was competent, shared the leader's task objectives, had… Expand.

View via Publisher. Save to Library Save. Create Alert Alert. Share This Paper. Background Citations. Methods Citations. Results Citations. Tables from this paper. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Delegation, job satisfaction and subordinate performance : the mediating effect of leader-member exchange. Delegation is widely accepted as an essential element of effective management in North American organizations; however, delegation may not be effective in other countries where employees hold … Expand.

Highly Influenced. View 10 excerpts, cites background and results. Delegation revisited: how delegation can benefit globally-minded managers.

Who needs to learn how to handle this responsibility? Who has the time to accept this responsibility? Who would like to have this opportunity? Get input from others. Ask for ideas about what to change, who to involve and how to define the results. Assign the responsibility and define the time factors.

What is the deadline? When will you want progress reports? Provide training and guidance. Does the person need training before assuming this responsibility? What guidance will they need to succeed? Remember to allow them freedom for independent thinking. Define the authority level. How much power will they need? What kinds of power? Who else needs to know that this person has the authority to act? Be sure to inform them to assure cooperation with the employee.

Agree about the control process. What kinds of controls are needed? How can one feel in control and still empower employees to act independently? Monitor progress. Pay attention and maintain control of the situation. Managers are still responsible for the success or failure of this person and for achieving the desired results. Provide feedback. Stay in touch, giving plenty of positive reinforcement and coaching when needed. Identify the lessons learned. What did the employee learn?

What did you learn? Often, the person with the new responsibility will figure out better ways to get things done and such improvements need to be identified, documented and shared. Evaluate performance. Give the person helpful feedback. What did they do well? Where can they improve? How can the results be improved? How can the manager do a better job of helping them succeed? Communicating Delegation. Meet face to face without time pressure.

This is very important communication, and face-to-face interaction is the approach most likely to convey the message that this discussion is important. Make arrangements so that you are not interrupted. Explain why the person was selected for the assignment and what results need to be achieved. I guess that delegation in the more formal sense described in the reference would be implemented as an Abstract base class delegating to a Concrete class.

Delegation, Aggregation and Consultation are not design patterns. They are concepts helps us to describe Design patterns. Composition is a way to combine simple objects or data types into more complex one i. Compositions are a critical building block of many basic data structures. Aggregation differs from ordinary composition in that it does not imply ownership.

In composition, when the owning object is destroyed, so are the contained objects. In aggregation, this is not necessarily true. Delegation is the simple yet powerful concept of handing a task over to another part of the program. In object-oriented programming it is used to describe the situation where one object assigns a task to another object, known as the delegate.

Consultation in object-oriented programming occurs when an object's method implementation consists of a message send of the same message to another constituent object. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.

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